Anatomy- Human Heart- Demonstration Model

USES: This model is suitable for teaching human anatomy and physiology courses. It helps the students to understand the external features and internal structures of the heart, and its relation with the large blood vessels. Thus a clearer conception of the routes of the systemic and pulmonary circulation can be obtained.

DEMONSTRATIONS: The sterno-costal, diaphragmatic and posterior surfaces of the heart with its transverse furrow, coronary sulcus between the atria and ventricles and the anterior, posterior longitudinal grooves, interventricular sulci, separating it into right and left halves are morphologically manifested thereon.

The blood supply of the heart is conveyed by right and left coronary arteries, coronary sinus, great, middle and small cardiac, veins, etc.

This model also presents the large blood vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The vessels of systemic circulation are aorta and its atch innominate, right and left carotid and subclavian arteries. The veins are superior vena cava with its tributaries. The vessels of pulmonary circulation are pulmonary arteries and their branches which are cut off at the place of hilum of lung. Besides, the part of left atrium where the pulmonary veins enter is especially shown.

The internal structures of the heart are dissectible for showing the four cavities:

1) Right atrium: The interior of auricle is marked with parallel muscular ridges, pectineal muscles. The principal cavity presents the openings of superior, inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus.

2) Right ventricle: On the walls of the ventricle are the trabeculae carneae, the chordae tendinae and three sets of papillary muscles. The tricuspid and semilunar valves are also present. The former guards the right atrioventricular orifice while the latter, the orifice of the pulmonary artery.

3) Left atrium: The four pulmonary veins open into the principal cavity, two on either side. The structures of pectineal muscles and atrioventricular orifice are also shown.

4) Left ventricle: The interior of left ventricle, as on the right side, contains trabecula carneae, chordae tendinae and two strong papillary muscles. The atrio-ventricular orifice is closed by the mitral valve and the aortic orifice is guarded by three semilunar valves precisely similar to those on the orifice of the pulmonary artery.