Verification of conservation of energy working model

The Verification of Conservation of Energy Working Model is a hands-on educational setup designed to demonstrate the principle of energy conservation and quantify frictional loss in motion. This model allows students to observe the conversion of potential energy (PE) into kinetic energy (KE) as a solid sphere rolls down an inclined plane. Using digital timers and IR sensors, students can accurately measure the time taken for motion and compare energy values, reinforcing fundamental concepts in mechanics and physics.

Working Principle

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another. In this experiment:

1. Potential Energy (PE) Calculation:

   • The solid sphere gains gravitational potential energy when placed at a height h on the inclined plane.
   • Formula: PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

2. Kinetic Energy (KE) Calculation:

   • As the sphere rolls down, PE converts into translational and rotational kinetic energy.
   • Formula: KE_total = ½ mv² + ½ Iω², where I is the moment of inertia and ω is angular velocity.
   • For a solid sphere, I = 2/5 mr², and K²/r² = 2/5 is used for calculations.

3. Energy Loss Calculation:

   • The difference between total initial PE and final KE determines frictional loss in the system.
   • Frictional Loss = PE – KE_total.